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Zambian Criminal Law

VSU (Victim Support Unit)

Zambia's Victim Support Unit is a specialised police unit handling gender-based violence, domestic violence, defilement, and child abuse. It provides a safer reporting environment than regular police stations.

Legal Definition

The Victim Support Unit is a specialised unit within the Zambia Police Service, established in 1994, focused on handling cases involving: gender-based violence (GBV), domestic violence, defilement (statutory rape), sexual assault, child abuse and neglect, and human trafficking. The VSU is designed to provide a sensitive and confidential environment for victims to report, separate from the regular charge office. VSU officers receive specialised training in handling traumatic cases and interviewing vulnerable witnesses. VSU functions: receiving reports from victims; investigating; referring victims to medical care and safe houses; facilitating psychosocial support; and working with the DPP for prosecution. Reports to the VSU are confidential within the police service. Every police station with a VSU desk is required to have a female officer available. If there is no dedicated VSU station nearby, victims can report at any police station and request their case be handled by the VSU.

📖 Constitutional / Statutory Basis: Anti-Gender Based Violence Act No. 1 of 2011; Penal Code (Chapter 87 of the Laws of Zambia); Children's Code Act No. 12 of 2022

Practical Example

A woman is beaten by her husband and wants to report without her children being present or family knowing. She goes to the VSU desk at the nearest police station. A female VSU officer takes her statement privately, refers her to a clinic for medical documentation, and initiates arrest proceedings.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the VSU free to use in Zambia?
Yes. Reporting to the VSU costs nothing. The VSU also facilitates referrals to medical care and support organisations, often at no cost to the victim.
Can I report domestic violence to the VSU even if I do not want to press charges in Zambia?
You can report without immediately deciding to press charges. The VSU will document the incident and provide support. However, for a protection order or prosecution, some level of formal complaint is needed.

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