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Civil Procedure

Prescription Act 68 of 1969

The statute that sets the limitation periods within which civil claims must be instituted in South Africa, failing which the claim is extinguished by prescription.

Legal Definition

The Prescription Act establishes that most civil debts prescribe (lapse) after 3 years from when the debt became due and the creditor had knowledge of the debtor's identity and the facts giving rise to the claim. Longer periods apply: 6 years for certain categories; 15 years for tax debts; 30 years for mortgage bonds and judgment debts. Prescription is automatically extinguished — no court order is needed. A debtor who pays a prescribed debt cannot reclaim it.

📖 Constitutional / Statutory Basis: Section 34 (access to courts — legal certainty)

Practical Example

A creditor fails to sue on a R50,000 debt for more than 3 years without any interruption. The debt prescribes and the creditor can never enforce it in court.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can the court consider prescription automatically in South Africa?
No — prescription is not raised automatically by a court. The debtor must plead prescription as a special plea. If the debtor does not raise it, the court will not consider it.
Does prescription apply to crimes in South Africa?
Yes — the Criminal Procedure Act provides prescription periods for criminal prosecution: 20 years for serious crimes, shorter for minor offences. Sexual offences against children do not prescribe.

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