Nigeria's FCCPA 2018 is the main consumer protection law, enforced by the FCCPC. It gives consumers rights to safe products, full disclosure, fair value, and redress. E-commerce platforms must ensure consumer protection in online transactions.
The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act, 2018 (FCCPA) established the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) and replaced the Consumer Protection Council Act. It is the primary federal law for consumer rights and market competition. Key consumer rights under the FCCPA: **Right to safe products (s. 114)**: Every consumer has the right to goods and services that do not pose a risk to health or safety. Suppliers are liable for injury or damage caused by unsafe goods regardless of negligence. **Right to information (s. 114)**: Consumers have the right to full disclosure of all fees, charges, and levies before agreeing to a transaction. Hidden charges are prohibited. **Right to fair value (s. 114)**: Consumers are entitled to receive goods and services of the quality and quantity for which they paid. **Right to redress (s. 129)**: A consumer who suffers loss or damage may seek a refund, replacement, or compensation. Where a service is not delivered as agreed, the consumer is entitled to a full refund. **E-commerce (s. 130)**: Online platforms and marketplaces must ensure consumers are protected in respect of transactions facilitated on their platform. Complaints go to the FCCPC (fccpc.gov.ng) or can be escalated to the Federal High Court.
A bank applies a maintenance fee that was not disclosed when the account was opened. Under section 114 of the FCCPA, consumers have the right to full disclosure of all charges before agreeing to a product. The customer files a complaint with the FCCPC and demands a refund of all undisclosed charges.
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