Section 11
Life
The right to life underpins all other rights. It includes protection from violence, threats, and conditions that endanger life.
Free
Chapter 2 — Bill of Rights
Constitution of South Africa, 1996
Common Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Does the right to life include protection from unsafe living conditions?
Yes. Courts have interpreted Section 11 broadly to include the right not to be placed in conditions that endanger life — including unsafe housing, dangerous working conditions, and denial of emergency medical treatment.
Does the right to life apply to unborn children?
This is constitutionally complex. South African courts have not yet definitively ruled on whether the right to life under Section 11 extends to the unborn. The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act is valid law. The right to life does not currently prohibit lawful termination of pregnancy.
Practise Using Section 11 Out Loud
The Advocate gives you 149 real South African scenarios — with exact rebuttals grounded in the Constitution, statute law, and Scripture. Know your rights. Know your word.
Try Free — Identity & Dignity Domain
No credit card needed · Upgrade for all 17 domains