Nigeria Rights Guide
Child Expelled from School in Nigeria — Your Rights Under Nigerian Law
Schools in Nigeria cannot expel a child without a fair process. The Universal Basic Education Act guarantees free basic education. Here is how to challenge an unlawful expulsion.
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Nigerian Law
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Direct Answer
Every child in Nigeria has the constitutional right to free, compulsory basic education under the Universal Basic Education Act 2004 and the Child's Right Act 2003. Schools cannot expel a child without a fair hearing process, and parents must be given an opportunity to respond before any expulsion takes effect. Unlawful expulsion can be challenged with the State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB) or the State Ministry of Education.
What the Law Says
Your Legal Foundation
Universal Basic Education Act 2004
Section 2
“Every government shall provide free, compulsory and universal basic education for every child of primary and junior secondary school age.”
Child's Right Act 2003
Section 15
“Every child has the right to free, compulsory and universal basic education.”
Constitution of Nigeria 1999
Section 18
“Government shall direct its policy towards ensuring that there are equal and adequate educational opportunities at all levels.”
Common Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a school expel a pregnant student in Nigeria?
No. The Federal Ministry of Education's Re-entry Policy prohibits schools from expelling pregnant students. A pregnant student has the right to continue and return to school after delivery. Report violations to the State Ministry of Education.
My child was beaten by a teacher — is corporal punishment legal?
Corporal punishment in schools is prohibited under the Child's Right Act 2003 and the UBE Act. Caning or physical punishment by teachers is illegal in states that have adopted the Child's Right Act. File a complaint with the school's management, the SUBEB, and the police if the injury is serious.
The school is withholding my child's result because I haven't paid fees — is that legal?
Withholding academic results of basic education students for fee non-payment in public schools violates the UBE Act. Report to the SUBEB in your state. Private schools have more latitude but courts have held that result-withholding can be restrained by injunction.
My child was denied admission to a public school — what can I do?
Contact the SUBEB in your state. Every child of school age has the right to a place in their local public school. Unlawful denial of admission can be challenged administratively and, if necessary, in court.
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