Nigeria Rights Guide
How to File a Consumer Complaint in Nigeria
The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018 gives every Nigerian the right to a refund, repair, or replacement for defective goods. File free at the FCCPC.
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Nigerian Law
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Direct Answer
The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act (FCCPA) 2018 gives every Nigerian consumer the right to fair dealing, refunds for defective goods, and protection from deceptive practices. File complaints free with the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) at fccpc.gov.ng or in person at their Abuja or Lagos offices.
What the Law Says
Your Legal Foundation
Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018
Section 110
“A supplier shall not engage in conduct that is unconscionable, misleading, or deceptive in trade or commerce.”
Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018
Section 114
“A consumer is entitled to goods that are of acceptable quality, fit for purpose, and match their description. A supplier must repair, replace, or refund for goods that fail these standards.”
Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018
Section 167
“Any person who suffers loss or damage due to a contravention of this Act may apply to the Tribunal for redress.”
What to Say
Exact Words to Use
“"The goods I purchased from you on [date] are defective / not as described. Under Section 114 of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018, I am entitled to a refund, repair, or replacement. Please remedy this within 7 days or I will file a complaint with the FCCPC."”
Tone: Written — email or letter to the business
Common Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Does the FCCPA cover online purchases and e-commerce?
Yes. The FCCPA applies to all trade in Nigeria including online platforms. Sellers on Jumia, Konga, or social media are covered. You have the right to return defective goods and receive a full refund.
A bank charged me fees I did not agree to — what can I do?
File with the CBN consumer protection desk. The CBN requires banks to give full disclosure of all charges before applying them. Unauthorised charges can be reversed. You can also escalate to the Financial Services Regulation Coordinating Committee.
A contractor took my money and did not complete the work — is this covered?
Partially. Service contracts are covered under the FCCPA. However, for larger amounts, a civil claim at the Magistrates' Court or High Court may be more effective alongside an FCCPC complaint.
Can I sue a company in court instead of going to the FCCPC?
Yes. You can file a civil claim in court for breach of contract or consumer protection violations. The FCCPC route is faster and free; court claims may require a lawyer and filing fees but can yield higher damages.
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