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Nigerian Criminal Law

VAPP (Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act)

Nigeria's 2015 federal law criminalising physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence against persons — including domestic violence, stalking, female genital mutilation, and forced marriage.

Legal Definition

The Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015 applies in the Federal Capital Territory and in states that have domesticated it. It criminalises a wide range of violence including spousal battery, harmful traditional practices (FGM, forced marriage), emotional and psychological abuse, stalking, and abandonment of a spouse or children without financial support. It provides for Protection Orders from the Magistrate's Court and mandatory reporting of VAPP offences by medical professionals.

📖 Constitutional / Statutory Basis: Sections 33, 34, and 42 of Nigeria's 1999 Constitution (right to life, dignity, and freedom from discrimination)

Practical Example

A woman in Abuja is repeatedly beaten by her husband and threatened when she tries to leave. She applies for a Protection Order at the FCT Magistrate's Court under the VAPP. The order is granted, prohibiting the husband from approaching her. When he violates it, he is arrested.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the VAPP apply in all Nigerian states?
The VAPP directly applies in the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja). States must pass their own legislation to adopt it — Anambra, Cross River, Oyo, Ekiti, and several others have done so. Check your state's position with a local NGO or Legal Aid office.
What is the punishment for domestic violence under the VAPP in Nigeria?
Penalties vary by offence. Spousal battery carries up to 3 years' imprisonment or a fine. FGM carries up to 4 years. Emotional abuse and harmful traditional practices carry up to 1–2 years. Courts can also order compensation for victims.

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