HomeLegal Glossary › RA 7610 — Special Protection of Children Act (Philippines)
Philippine Family Law

RA 7610 — Special Protection of Children Act (Philippines)

RA 7610 is the Philippines' primary child protection law, criminalising child abuse, exploitation, and discrimination. It covers physical/psychological abuse, child labour, and online sexual exploitation (with RA 11930).

Legal Definition

Republic Act No. 7610 (Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act, 1992) provides protection to children (below 18 years) against all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, discrimination, and other conditions prejudicial to their development. Key protections: **Child abuse**: physical, psychological, or emotional abuse, cruelty, neglect, or maltreatment that harms child development. Conviction carries penalties of 6–12 years or higher depending on gravity. **Child labour**: hazardous child labour and work that interferes with schooling are prohibited for children under 15 (no work) and under 18 (no hazardous work). **Child trafficking and sexual exploitation**: criminalised under RA 7610 and RA 9208/RA 10364 (Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act). **Online sexual abuse and exploitation of children (OSAEC)**: prosecuted under RA 7610 and the newer RA 11930 (Anti-OSAEC Act, 2022). Reporting: call DSWD Bantay Bata 163, the PNP Women and Children Protection Center (WCPC), or the NBI Anti-Human Trafficking Division. Barangay officials also have mandatory reporting duties.

📖 Constitutional / Statutory Basis: Republic Act No. 7610 (1992); Republic Act No. 11930 (Anti-OSAEC Act, 2022); 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 3(2) (state protection of children)

Practical Example

A 12-year-old is being forced to work in a factory. A neighbour reports to DSWD and the DOLE. Inspectors find the child and remove them; the employer is charged under RA 7610 for employing a child in hazardous conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is considered a child under RA 7610 in the Philippines?
Any person below 18 years of age. Persons between 15 and 18 may work in non-hazardous employment with parental consent, but those under 15 cannot be employed in any capacity except under certain conditions (e.g., family enterprises, entertainment with strict safeguards).
What should I do if I suspect a child is being abused in the Philippines?
Call Bantay Bata 163 (DSWD hotline), the PNP Women and Children Protection Center, or the nearest barangay official. They have legal duties to act. You can also report anonymously. Barangay officials, teachers, and health workers are mandated reporters under the law.

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