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Philippine Criminal Law

NBI (National Bureau of Investigation)

The NBI is the Philippines' top investigative agency, similar to the FBI. It handles cybercrime, fraud, human trafficking, and complex criminal cases, and can conduct nationwide operations with arrest powers.

Legal Definition

The National Bureau of Investigation is established under Republic Act No. 10867 (NBI Reorganization and Modernization Act). It is the country's premier investigative body under the Department of Justice. Key functions: investigating crimes, gathering evidence, and conducting surveillance; filing criminal complaints with the DOJ for prosecution; maintaining a national database of criminal records; combating cybercrime, human trafficking, and economic crimes; and providing forensic laboratory services. For consumers and individuals, the NBI is useful for: cyber fraud and cybercrime complaints; online scams; human trafficking; serious fraud; and cases requiring forensic analysis (digital, physical, fingerprinting). To file a complaint: visit any NBI regional office or the main office in Manila. Bring all evidence. The NBI conducts preliminary investigation and can file a criminal complaint with the DOJ or Prosecutor's Office. Filing is free for indigent complainants. The NBI Cybercrime Division (CYBERD) handles online crimes.

📖 Constitutional / Statutory Basis: Republic Act No. 10867 (NBI Reorganization and Modernization Act, 2016); Cybercrime Prevention Act, 2012 (RA 10175)

Practical Example

A Filipino loses ₱80,000 to an online shopping scam. She gathers screenshots and transaction records and files a complaint at the NBI Cybercrime Division. The NBI traces the suspect's IP and bank account and files charges for estafa and violation of the Cybercrime Prevention Act.

Frequently Asked Questions

What kinds of cases should I bring to the NBI in the Philippines?
Bring complex criminal cases, especially cybercrime, online fraud, human trafficking, qualified theft, and cases needing forensic investigation. For labour disputes go to NLRC/DOLE; for consumer complaints go to DTI; for simple fraud the Fiscal's office handles it.
Is there a fee to file a complaint at the NBI in the Philippines?
No. Filing a criminal complaint at the NBI is free of charge. The NBI may require you to provide a sworn statement (affidavit) and copies of all evidence.

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