The Criminal Code Act (Cap C38 LFN 2004) applies in southern Nigeria and covers offences including assault, theft, fraud, sexual offences, defilement, extortion, and sale of adulterated goods. Northern states use the Penal Code instead.
The Criminal Code Act (Cap C38, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004) is the primary criminal statute applicable in southern Nigerian states and the FCT. Northern states (12 states) apply the Penal Code and Sharia Penal Code. Key offences relevant in everyday situations: **Defilement (s. 218)**: Unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl under 13 — life imprisonment. Similar provisions exist for older minors. **Extortion and criminal intimidation**: Using threats to obtain property or compliance — punishable by imprisonment. **Assault**: Unlawful striking or threatening another person — punishable by fines or imprisonment depending on severity. In Lagos State, the Criminal Law of Lagos State 2011 applies instead. **Sale of unwholesome goods (s. 162)**: Selling adulterated or unsafe food or drink is an offence. **Witchcraft accusations (s. 210)**: Accusing or threatening to accuse a person of witchcraft with intent to extort money or property is a criminal offence. Most criminal cases under the Criminal Code are prosecuted by the DPP in state High Courts or Magistrates Courts. Serious federal offences go to the Federal High Court.
A landlord threatens to accuse a tenant of witchcraft unless she pays above the agreed rent. Under section 210 of the Criminal Code, making witchcraft accusations to extort money is a criminal offence. The tenant reports to the police.
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