Labour Law
CCMA — Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration
The CCMA is a dispute resolution body where employees can resolve unfair dismissal, unfair labour practice, and other workplace disputes — usually for free.
Legal Definition
The Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) is established under section 112 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995. It resolves individual labour disputes through conciliation and arbitration, with no legal representation in most cases.
📖 Constitutional / Statutory Basis: Section 23 (labour relations), Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996; Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995
Practical Example
You are dismissed without a fair hearing. You refer the dispute to the CCMA within 30 days. The CCMA sets a conciliation date; if that fails, an arbitration is held and the commissioner issues an award.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long do I have to refer a dispute to the CCMA?
Unfair dismissal: 30 days from date of dismissal. Unfair labour practice: 90 days. Discrimination: 6 months.
Can I have a lawyer at the CCMA?
In conciliation, no legal representation is allowed. In arbitration, lawyers may appear only with the consent of both parties or on the commissioner's order.
What if I disagree with the CCMA award?
You can apply to the Labour Court to review the award within six weeks of receiving it if there was an irregularity in the process.
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